FITZWILLIAM, WILLIAM WENTWORTH FITZWILLIAM, 2ND EARL (1748-1833)

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FITZWILLIAM, WILLIAM WENTWORTH FITZWILLIAM, 2ND EARL (1748-1833) , English statesman, was the son of the 1st

earl

EARL

(peerage of the United Kingdom), who died in 1756. The English family of Fitzwilliam claimed descent from a natural son of William the Conqueror, and among its earlier members
x.I5were a Sir William Fitzwilliam (1460-1534), sheriff of London, who in 15o6 acquired the family seat of Milton Manor in

Northamptonshire

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE

, and his grandson Sir William Eitzwilliam (see above). The latter's grandson was made an Irish baron in 162o; and inlater generations the Irish titles of Viscount Milton and

Earl

EARL

Fitzwilliam (1716) and the English titles of Baron Milton (1742) and Viscount Milton and Earl Fitzwilliam (1746), were added. These were all in the English

house

HOUSE
HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
Gothic
- GOTHIC
it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

of the Fitzwilliams of Milton Manor. They were distinct from the Irish Fitzwilliams of Meryon, who descended from a member of the English family who went to Ireland with Prince John at the end of the 12th century, and whose titles of Baron and Viscount Fitzwilliam died out with the 8th viscount in 1833; the best known of these was Richard, 7th viscount (1745-1816), who left the Fitzwilliam library and a fund for creating the Fitzwilliam Museum to

Cambridge

University.
The 2nd earl inherited not only the Fitzwilliam estates in

Northamptonshire

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE

, but also, on the death of his uncle the marquess of Rockingham in 1782, the valuable Wentworth estates in Yorkshire, and thus became one of the wealthiest noblemen of the day. He had been at Eton with C. J. Fox, and became an active supporter of the Whig party; and in 1794, with the duke of

Portland

, Windham and other " old Whigs " he joined Pitt's cabinet, becoming president of the council. At the end of the year, however, he was sent to Ireland as viceroy. Fitzwilliam, however, had set his face against the jobbery of the

Protestant

PROTESTANT

leaders, and threw himself warmly into Grattan's

scheme

SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

for admitting the Catholics to political power; and in March 1795 he was recalled, his action being disavowed by Pitt, the result of a

series

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

of misunderstandings which appeared to Fitzwilliam to give him just cause of complaint. The quarrel was, however, made up, and in 1798 Fitzwilliam was appointed lord-lieutenant of the West Riding of Yorkshire. He continued to take an active part in politics, and in i8o6 was president of the council, but his Whig opinions kept him mainly in opposition. He died in February 1833, his son, Charles William Wentworth, the 3rd earl (1786-1857), and later earls, being notable figures in the politics and social life of the north of England.

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