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Encyclopedia Britannica



FERGUSSON, SIR WILLIAM

This article appears in Volume V10, Page 274 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: FAT-FLA
FERGUSSON, SIR WILLIAM , Bart. (18081877), British surgeon, the son of James Fergusson of Lochmaben, Dumfries-shire, was born at Prestonpans,
East
 
Lothian
 , on the loth of March 18o8. After receiving his early education at Lochmaben and the high school of Edinburgh, he entered the university of Edinburgh with the view of studying law, but soon after-wards abandoned his intention and became a pupil of the anatomist Robert
Knox
  (17911862) whose demonstrator he was
appointed at the age of twenty. In 1836 he succeeded Robert
Liston
  as surgeon to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, and coming to London in 184o as professor of surgery in King's College, and surgeon to King's College
Hospital
 
    See Also:
, he acquired a commanding position among the surgeons of the metropolis. He revived the operation for cleft-palate, which for many years had fallen into disrepute, and invented a
special
  mouth-gag for the same. He also devised many other surgical instruments,
chief
  among which, and still in use to-day, are his bone forceps, lion forceps and vaginal speculum. In 1866 he was created a baronet. He died in London on the loth of February 1877. As a surgeon Fergusson's greatest merit is that of having introduced the practice of " conservative surgery," by which he meant the excision of a joint rather than' the amputation of a limb. He made his diagnosis with almost intuitive certainty; as an operator he was characterized by self-possession in the most
critical
  circumstances, by minute attention to details and by great refinement of
touch
 , and he relied more on his mechanical dexterity than on complicated instruments. He was the author of The Progress of Anatomy and Surgery in the Nineteenth Century (1867), and of a System of
Practical
  Surgery (1842), which went through several editions.


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