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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: EUD-FAT |
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FASCES , in Roman antiquities, bundles of elm or birch rods from which the head of an axe projected, fastened together by a red strap. Nothing is known of their origin, the tradition that represents them as borrowed by one of the kings from Etruria resting on insufficient grounds. As the emblem of official authority, they were carried by the lictors
shoulder , before the higher Roman magistrates; at the funeral of a deceased magistrate they were carried behind the bier. The lictors
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Plutarch , Publicola, io); lowering the fasces was also the manner in which an inferior saluted a superior magistrate . A dictator, as taking the place of the two consuls, had 24 fasces (including the axe even within the city) ; most of the other magistrates had fasces varying in number, with the exception of the censors, who, as possessing no executive authority, had none. Fasces were given to the Flamen Dialis and (after 42 B.c.) even to the Vestals. During the times of the republic, a victorious general, who had been saluted by the title of imperator by his soldiers, had his fasces crowned with laurel (Cicero, Pro Ligario, 3). Later, under the empire
accession , it became restricted to him, and the laurel was regarded as distinctive of the imperial fasces (see Mommsen, Roraisches Staatsrecht, i., 1887, p. 373). .End of Article: FASCES If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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