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Encyclopedia Britannica



FAMAGUSTA (Gr. Ammochostos)

This article appears in Volume V10, Page 158 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: EUD-FAT
FAMAGUSTA (Gr. Ammochostos) , a town and harbour on the
east
  cost of Cyprus, 22 m. S. of the ruins of Salamis. The population in 1901 was 818, nearly all being Moslems who live within the walls of the fortress; the Christian population has migrated to a suburb called Varosia (pop. 2948). The foundation of Salamis (q.v.) was ascribed to Teucer: it was probably the most important town in early Cyprus. The revolt of the
Jews
  under Trajan, and earthquakes in the time of Constantius and Constantine the
Great
  helped in turn to destroy it. It was restored by Fl. Constantius II. (A.D. 337-361) as Constantia. Another town a little to the
south
 , built by
Ptolemy
  Philadelphus in 294 B.C., and called Arsinoe in honour of his
sister
 , received the refugees driven from Constantia by the Arabs under Mu'awiyah, became the seat of the orthodox archbishopric, and was eventually known as Famagusta. It received a large accession of population at the fall of Acre in 1291; was annexed by the Genoese in 1376; reunited to the throne of Cyprus in 1464; and surrendered, after an investment of nearly a year, to the Turks in 1571. The fortifications, remodelled by the Venetians after 1489, the castle, the grand cathedral church of St Nicolas, and the remains of the palace and many other churches make Famagusta a place of unique
interest
 . Acts ii. and v. of Shakespeare's Othello pass there. In 1903
measures
  were taken to develop the fine natural harbour of Famagusta. Basins were dredged to give depths of 15 and 24 ft. respectively at
ordinary
  low tides, and commodious jetties and quays were constructed.


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