FALLOUX, FREDERIC ALFRED PIERRE

This article appears in Volume V10, Page 155 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: EUD-FAT

FALLOUX, FREDERIC ALFRED PIERRE , Comm DE (1811-,886), French politician and author, was born at Angers on the 11th of May 1811. His father had been ennobled by Charles X., and Falloux began his career as a Legitimist and clerical journalist under the influence of Mme Swetchine. In 1846 he entered the legislature as

deputy

DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

for Maine-et-Loire, and with many other ultra-Catholics he gave real or pretended support to the revolution of 1848. Louis

Napoleon

NAPOLEON

made him minister of education in 1849, but disagreements with the president led to his resignation within a year. He had nevertheless secured the passage of the Loi Falloux (

March

15, 1850) for the organization of primary and secondary education. This law provided that the clergy and members of ecclesiastical orders, male and female, might exercise the profession of teaching without producing any further qualification. This exemption was extended even to priests who taught in secondary schools, where a university degree was exacted from lay teachers. The primary schools were put under the management of the cures. Falloux was elected to the French

Academy

ACADEMY, GREEK
ACADEMY, ROYAL

in 1856. His failure to secure re-election to the legislature in 1866, 1869, 187o and 1871 was due to the opposition of the stricter

Legitimists

LEGITIMISTS (Fr. legitimistes, from legitime, lawful, legitimate)

, who viewed with suspicion his attempts to reconcile the Orleans princes with Henri, comte de Chambord. In spite of his failure to enter the National Assembly his influence was very

great

GREAT

, and was increased by the intimacy of his personal relations with

Thiers

THIERS

. But in 1872 he offended both sections of the monarchical party at a conference arranged in the

hope

HOPE, ANTHONY
HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

of effecting a fusion between the partisans of the comte de Chambord and of the Orleans princes, divided on the vexed question of the flag. He suggested) that the comte de Chambord might recede from his position with dignity at the desire of the National Assembly, and not content with this encroachment on royalist principles, he insinuated the possibility of a transitional stage with the duc d'

Aumale

AUMALE
AUMALE, HENRI EUGENE PHILIPPE LOUIS

as president of the republic. His disgrace was so complete that he was excommunicated by the

bishop

of Angers in 1876. He died on the 16th of January 1886.
Of his numerous works the best known are his Histoire de Louis X VI (1840) ; Histoire de Saint Pie (1845) ; De la contrerevolution (1876) ; and the posthumous Memoires d'un royaliste (2 vols., 1888).

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