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Encyclopedia Britannica



FAKHR

This article appears in Volume V10, Page 136 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: EUD-FAT
FAKHR UD-D!N RAZI (1149-1209), Arabian historian and theologian, was the son of a preacher, himself a writer, and was born at Rai (Rei, Rhagae), near Tehran, where he received his earliest training. Here and at Maragha, whither he followed his teacher Majd ud-Din ul-Jill, he studied philosophy and theology. He was a Shafi'ite in law and a follower of Ash`arI (q.v.) in theology, and became renowned as a defender of orthodoxy. During a journey in Khwarizm and Mawara'l-nahr he preached both in Persian and Arabic against the sects of
Islam
 . After this tour he returned to his native city, but settled later in Herat, where he died. His dogmatic positions may be seen from his
work
  Kitab ul-Muhassal, which is analysed by Schmolders in his Essai sur les 'kola philosophiques chez les Arabes (Paris, 1842). Extracts from his History of the Dynasties were published by Jourdain in the Fundgruben des Orients (vol. v.), and by D. R. Heinzius (St
Petersburg
 , 1828). His greatest
work
  is the Mats-ails ul-Ghaib (" The Keys of Mystery "), an extensive commentary on the Koran published at Cairo (8 vols., 1890) and elsewhere; it is specially full in its exposition of Ash'arite theology and its use of early and
late
  Mu'tazilite writings.
For an account of his
life
  see F. Wiistenfeld's Geschichte der arabischen Arzte, No. 200 (Gottingen, 1S4o); for a
list
  of his works cf. C. Brockelmann's Gesch. der arabischen Literatur, vol. r (
Weimar
 , 1898), pp. 506 if. An account of his teaching is given by M. Schreiner in the Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenlandischen Gesellschaft (vol. 52, PP. 505 ff.). (G. W. T.)


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