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Encyclopedia Britannica



EUSTATHIUS

This article appears in Volume V09, Page 957 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: EUD-FAT
EUSTATHIUS , archbishop of Thessalonica, Byzantine scholar and author (probably a native of Constantinople), flourished during the second half of the 12th century. He was at first a monk, and afterwards deacon of St
Sophia
  and teacher of rhetoric in his native city. In 1174 he was chosen bishop of
Myra
  in
Lycia
 , but in 1175 was transferred to Thessalonica. He was out-spoken and independent, and did not hesitate to oppose the emperor Manuel, when the latter desired an alteration in the
formula
  of abjuration necessary for converts from Mahommedanism. In 1185, when Thessalonica was captured by the Normans under William II. of Sicily, Eustathius secured religious toleration for the conquered. He died about 1193. His best known
work
  is his Commentary on the Iliad and Odyssey of
Homer
  (irapexl3oXaf,
critical
  compilations), valuable as containing numerous extracts from the scholia of other critics, whose works have now perished. He also wrote a commentary on the geographical epic of
Dionysius
  Periegetes, in which much of Stephanus of Byzantium and the lost writings of Arrian is pre-served. A commentary on
Pindar
  has been lost, with the exception of the preface, which contains an essay on lyric poetry,a life of
Pindar
 , and an account of the Olympic games. A history of the conquest of Thessalonica by the Normans, a congratulatory address to the emperor Manuel, a plea for an improved water-
supply
  for Constantinople, and an extensive correspondence with clerical and lay dignitaries, are evidence of his versatility. He is also the author of various religious works, chiefly directed against the prevailing abuses of his time, which almost anticipate, though in a milder form, the denunciations of Luther; the most important of these is The Reform of Monastic Life. A commentary on the pentecostal hymn of John of Damascus may also be mentioned.
Editions:
Homer
  Commentary, by G. Stallbaum (18251830); preface to Pindar Commentary, by F. W. Schneidewin (1837);
Dionysius
  Commentary in C. W. Muller, Geographici Graeci minores, ii.; pentecostal hymn, in A. Mai; Spicilegium Romanum, v. 2 (1841). The smaller works have been edited (1832) and the De Thessalonica (1839) by L. F. Tafel; many will be found in J. P. Migne, Patrologia Graeca, exxxv., cxxxvi. Five new speeches have been edited by W. Regel, Fontes rerum Byzantinarum, i. (1892).


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