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Encyclopedia Britannica



EUPATORIA (Russ. Evpatoria; also known as Kozlov and to the Turks as Gezlev)

This article appears in Volume V09, Page 891 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: EUD-FAT
EUPATORIA (Russ. Evpatoria; also known as Kozlov and to the Turks as Gezlev) , a seaport of Russia, in the government of
Taurida
 , on the W.
coast
  of the Crimea, 20 M. N.W. of Simferopol, on a sandy promontory on the north of Kalamita Bay, in 450 12' N. and 330 40' E. Pop. (1871) 8294; (1897) 17,915. This number
1 L'Harrnonie universe/le (Paris, 1636), livre v_ prop. iv. pp. 228-229.includes many Jews, the Karaite sect having here their principal
synagogue
 . Here too resides the spiritual head (gakhan) of the sect. Of its numerous ecclesiastical buildings three are of
interest
  the
synagogue
  of the Karaite Jews; one of the mosques, which has fourteen cupolas and is built (1552) after the plan of St
Sophia
  in
Constantinople
 ; and the Greek Catholic cathedral (1898). The port or rather roadstead has a sandy bottom, and is exposed to violent storms from the- N.E. The trade is principally in cereals, skins, cow-
hair
 , felt, tallow and salt. Eupatoria has some repute as a sea-bathing resort.
According to some authorities it was near this spot that a military post, Eupatorium, was established in the 1st century A.D. by Diophantus, the general of Mithradates the
Great
 , king of Pontus. Towards the end of the 15th century the Turks built the fortress of Gezleveh on the present site, and it became the
capital
  of a khanate. It was occupied by the Russians under
Marshal
  Miinnich in 1736, and in 1771 by Prince Dolgorukov. Its annexation to Russia took place in 1783. In 1854 the Anglo-French troops were landed in the neighbourhood of Eupatoria, and in February 1855 the town was occupied by the Turkish forces.


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