ESZTERGOM (Ger. Gran; Lat. Strigonium)

This article appears in Volume V09, Page 803 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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ESZTERGOM (Ger. Gran; Lat. Strigonium) , a town of

Hungary

HUNGARY
HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

of the county of the same name, 36 m. N.W. of Budapest by rail. - Pop. (190o) 16,948, mostly Magyars and Roman Catholics. It is situated on the right bank of the Danube, nearly opposite the confluence of the Gran, and is divided into the town proper and three suburbs. The town is the residence of the primate of

Hungary

HUNGARY
HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

, and its cathedral, built in 1821-187o, after the model of St Peter's at Rome, is one of the finest and largest in the country. It is picturesquely built on an elevated and commanding position, 215 ft. above the Danube, and its

dome

DOME (Lat domus,
house
- HOUSE
- HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
  Gothic
  - GOTHIC
  it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)
; Ital. duomo, cathedral)

, visible from a long distance, is 26o ft. high, and has a

diameter

DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

of 52 ft. The interior is very richly decorated, notably with fine frescoes, and its treasury and fine library of over 6o,000 volumes are famous. Besides several other churches and two monastic houses, the principal buildings include the handsome palace of the primate, erected in 1883; the archiepiscopal library, with valuable incunabula and old MSS.; the

seminary

SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

for the education of Roman Catholic priests; the residences of the chapter; and the town-

hall

. The population is chiefly employed in cloth-weaving,wine-making and agricultural pursuits. An iron bridge, 1664 ft. long, connects Esztergom with the market town of Parkany (pop. 2836) on the opposite bank of the Danube.
Esztergom is one of the oldest towns of Hungary, and is famous as the birthplace of St Stephen,the first prince crowned " apostolic king " of Hungary. During the early times of the Hungarian monarchy it was the most important mercantile centre in the country,. and it was the meeting-place of the diets of 1016, 11 i 1, 11 14 and 1256. It was almost completely destroyed by Tatar hordes in 1241, but was rebuilt and fortified by King

Bela

BELA
BELA, LAS BELA

IV. In 1543 it fell into the hands of the Turks, from whom it was recovered, in 1595, by Carl von Mansfeld. In 1604 it reverted to the Turks, who held it till 1683, when it was regained by the united forces of John Sobieski, king of Poland, and Prince Charles of Lorraine. It was created an archbishopric in Too,. During the Turkish occupation of the town the archbishopric was re-moved to Tyrnau, while the archbishop himself had his residence in Pressburg. Both returned to Esztergom in 182o. In 1708 it was declared a free city by Joseph I. On the 13th of April 1818 it was partly destroyed by fire.
For numerous authorities on the see and cathedral of Esztergom see V. Chevalier, Repertoire des sources. Topo-bibliogr. s.v. " Gran." Of these may be mentioned especially F. Knauz, Monumenta Ecclesiae Strigoniensis (3 vols., Eszterg, 1874) ; Joseph Danko, Geschichtliches
. aus dem Graner Domschdtz (Gran, 188o).

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