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Encyclopedia Britannica



ESSEX, EARLS OF

This article appears in Volume V09, Page 781 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: EMS-EUD
ESSEX, EARLS OF . The first
earl
  of Essex was probably Geoffrey de Mandeville (q.v.), who became
earl
  about 1139, the earldom being subsequently held by his two sons, Geoffrey and William, until the death of the latter in 1189. In 1199 Geoffrey Fitzpeter or Fitzpiers (d. 1213), who was related to the Mandevilles through his wife Beatrice, became earl of Essex, and on the death of Geoffrey's son William in 1227 the earldom reverted for the second time to the crown. Then the title to the earldom passed by
marriage
  to the Bohuns, earls of
Hereford
 , and before 1239 Humphrey de
Bohun
  (d. 1275) had been re-cognized as earl of Essex. With the earldom of
Hereford
  the earldom of Essex became extinct in 1373; afterwards it was held by
Thomas
  of Woodstock, duke of Gloucester, a son of Edward III. and the husband of Eleanor de
Bohun
 ; and from Gloucester it passed to the Bourchiers,
Henry
  Bourchier (d. 1483), who secured the earldom in 1461, being one of Gloucester's grandsons. The second and last Bourchier earl was
Henry
 's grandson Henry, who died early in 1J40. A few weeks before his execution in 1J40
Thomas
  Cromwell (q.v.) was created earl of Essex; then in 1J43 William Parr, afterwards marquess of
Northampton
 , obtained the earldom by right of his wife Anne, a daughter of the last Bourchier earl.
Northampton
  lost the earldom when he was attainted in 1553i and afterwards it passed to the famous family of Devereux, Walter Devereux, who was created earl of Essex in 1572, being related to the Bourchiers. Robert, the 3rd and last Devereux earl, died in1646. In 1661 Arthur Capel was created earl of Essex, and the earldom is still held by his descendants.


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