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Encyclopedia Britannica



ESNA, or ESNEH

This article appears in Volume V09, Page 771 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: EMS-EUD
ESNA, or ESNEH , a town of Upper
Egypt
  on the W. bank of the Nile, 454 M. S.S.E. of Cairo by rail, the railway station being on the opposite side of the river. Pop. (1897) 16,000, mostly Copts. Esna, one of the healthiest towns in
Egypt
 , is noted for its manufactures of pottery and its large
grain
  and live stock markets. It formerly had a large
trade
  with the Sudan. A caravan road to the
south
  goes through the
oasis
  of Kurkur. The
trade
 , almost stopped by the Mandist Wars, is now largely diverted by railway and steamboat routes. There is, however, considerable
traffic
  with the
oasis
  of
Kharga
 , which lies almost due west of the town. Nearly in the centre of the town is the Ptolemaic and Roman temple of the ram-headed Khnum, almost buried in rubbish and houses. The interior of the pronaos is accessible to tourists, and contains the latest known hieroglyphic inscription, dating from the reign of Decius (A.D. 249251). With Khnum are associated the goddesses Sati and Neith. In the neighbourhood are remains of Coptic buildings, including a subterranean church (discovered 1895) in the desert half a mile beyond the limits of cultivation. The name Esna is from the Coptic Sne. By the Greeks the place was called Latopolis, from the
worship
  here of the latus fish. In the persecutions under Diocletian A.D. 303, the Christians of Esna, a numerous
body
 , suffered severely. In later times the town frequently served as a place of
refuge
  for political exiles. The so-called Esna barrage across the Nile (built 19061908) is 30 M. higher up stream at Edfu.


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