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Encyclopedia Britannica



ESKER (O. Irish eiscir)

This article appears in Volume V09, Page 769 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: EMS-EUD
ESKER (O. Irish eiscir) , a local name for
long
  mounds of glacial
gravel
  frequently met with in Ireland. Eskers (the Swedish dsar) are among the occasionally puzzling
relics
  of the British glacial period. They wind from side to side across glaciated country and have evidently been formed by channels upon or under the ice. " Where streams of considerable size form tunnels under or in the ice these may become more or less filled
with
wash
 , and when the ice melts the aggraded channels appear as
long
  ridges of
gravel
  and sand known as eskers. It has been thought that similar ridges are sometimes formed in valleys cut in the ice from top to bottom, and even that they rise from gravel and sand lodged in super-glacial channels. The latter at least is probably rare, as the surface streams have usually high gradients,
swift
  currents and smooth bottoms, and hence give little opportunity for lodgment. In the
case
  of ice-sheets, too, in which eskers are chiefly developed, there is usually no surface material except at the immediate edge, where the ice is thin and its layers upturned " (T. C. Chamberlin and R. D.
Salisbury
 ,
Geology
 , Processes and their Results). Eskers are to be distinguished from kames (q.v.).


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