EQUATION OF TIME

This article appears in Volume V09, Page 720 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: EMS-EUD

EQUATION OF TIME , the difference between apparent

time

TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the
root
- ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
- ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )
also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
TIME, STANDARD

, determined by the

meridian

passage of the real sun, and mean

time

TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the
root
- ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
- ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )
also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
TIME, STANDARD

, determined by the passage of the mean sun. It goes through a

double

period

in the course of a year. Its amount varies a fraction of a

minute

MINUTE
MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

for the same date, from year to year and from one longitude to another, on the same day. The following table shows an

average

AVERAGE

value for any date and for the

Greenwich

GREENWICH

meridian

for a number of years, from which the actual value will seldom deviate more than 20 seconds until after 1950. The + sign indicates that the real sun reaches the meridian after mean

noon

NOON

; the sign before mean

noon

NOON

.
Table of the Equation of Time.
m. s. m. s. m. s.
Jan. I + 3 26 Mar. I +12 39 May I -2 55
6 5 45 6 it 35 6 -3 27
II 7 51 II 10 20 II -3 46
16 9 43 i6 8 58 i6 -3 51
21 II 19 II 7 30 21 -3 40
26 12 36 26 5 59 26 -3 16
Feb. I +13 42 Apr. i + 4 9 June I -2 32
6 14 14 6 2 40 6 -1 44
lI 14 25 II + I 15 II O 48
16 14 17 16o 3 16+o 14
21 52 2I I I2 21 I 19
26 i3 II 26 2 10 26 2 24
m. s. m. s. M 5.
July I +3 26 Sept. I+ 0 9 Nov. -16 i8
6 4 21 6 i 28 6 -16 19
it 5 8 II 3 10 I I -15 58
16 5 44 164 55 i615 15
21 6 8 21 6 41
21 -14 12
26 6 18 26 8 25 26 -12 49
Aug. I +6 io Oct. 1 -10 5 Dec. I I I 7
6 5 47 6 II 38 6 9 9
II 5 9 `. II -13 2 II 6 57
i6 4 17 16 -14 14 16 4 35
2I 3 I2 2I -15 ' I I 2I 2 7
26 1 55 26 15 52 26 + 0 23

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