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Encyclopedia Britannica



EPONA

This article appears in Volume V09, Page 708 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: EMS-EUD
EPONA , a goddess of horses, asses and mules, worshipped by the Romans, though of foreign, probably Gallic, origin. The majority of
inscriptions
  and images bearing her name have been found in Gaul, Germany and the Danube countries; of the few that occur in Rome itself most were exhumed on the site of the barracks of the equites singulares, a foreign imperial
body
 -guard mainly recruited from the Batavians. Her name does not appear in Tertullian's
list
  of the indigetes di, and Juvenal contrasts her
worship
  unfavourably with the old Roman Numa ritual. Her cult does not appear to have been introduced before imperial times, when she is often called Augusta and invoked on behalf of the emperor and the imperial
house
 . Her
chief
 
function
 , however, was to see that the beasts of burden were duly fed, and to protect them against accidents and malicious influence. In the countries in which the
worship
  of Epona was said to have had its origin it was a common belief that certain beings were in the habit of casting a spell over stables during the night. The Romans used to place the image of the goddess, crowned with
flowers
  on festive occasions, in a sort of shrine in the centre of the architrave of the stable. In art she is generally represented seated, with her hand on the head of the accompanying horse or animal.
See Tertullian, Apol. 16; Juvenal viii. 157; Prudentius, Apoth. 197;
Apuleius
 , Metam. iii. 27; articles in Daremberg and Saglio's Dict. des antiquites and Pauly-Wissowa's Realencyclopadie.


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