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Encyclopedia Britannica



EPIMENIDES

This article appears in Volume V09, Page 694 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: EMS-EUD
EPIMENIDES , poet and prophet of
Crete
 , lived in the 6th
century
  B.C. Many fabulous stories are told of him, and even his existence is doubted. While tending his father's sheep, he is said to have fallen into a deep sleep in the Dictaean cave near Cnossus where he lived, from which he did not awake for fifty-seven years (
Diogenes
  Laertius i. 109-115). When the Athenians were visited by a pestilence in consequence of the murder of Cylon, he was invited by Solon (596) to purify the city. The only reward he would accept was a branch of the sacred
olive
 , and a promise of perpetual friendship between Athens and Cnossus (
Plutarch
 , Solon, 12;
Aristotle
 , Ath. Pol. 1). He died in
Crete
  at an advanced age; according to his country-men, who afterwards honoured him as a god, he lived nearly three hundred years. According to another story, he was taken prisoner in a war between the Spartans and Cnossians, and put to death by his captors, because he refused to prophesy favourably for them. A collection of oracles, a theogony, an epic poem on the Argonautic expedition,
prose
  works on purifications and sacrifices, and a cosmogony, were attributed to him. Epimenides must be reckoned with
Melampus
  and
Onomacritus
  as one of the founders of Orphism. He is supposed to be the Cretan prophet alluded to in the epistle to Titus (i. 12).
See C. Schultess, De Epimenide Cretensi (1877); O.
Kern
 , De Orphei, Epimenidis . . . Theogoniis (1888) ; G. Barone di Vincenzo, E. di Creta e le Credenze religiose de'suoi Tempi (188o) ; H. Demoulin, Epimenide de Crete . (19o1); H. Diets, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker (1903); O.
Kern
  in Pauly-Wissowa's Realencyclopddie.


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