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Encyclopedia Britannica



ENTHYMEME (Gr. v, Buos)

This article appears in Volume V09, Page 655 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: EMS-EUD
ENTHYMEME (Gr. v, Buos) , in formal logic, the technical name of a syllogistic
argument
  which is incompletely stated. Any one of the premises may be omitted, but in general it is that one which is most obvious or most naturally present to the mind. In point of fact the full formal statement of a
syllogism
  is rare, especially in rhetorical language, when the deliberate omission of one of the premises has a dramatic effect. This the
suppression of the conclusion may have the effect of emphasizing the
idea
  which necessarily follows from the premises. Far commoner is the omission of one of the premises which is either too clear to need statement or of a
character
  which makes its omission desirable. A famous instance quoted in the Port Royal Logic, pt. iii. ch. xiv., is
Medea
 's remark to Jason in
Ovid
 's
Medea
 , " Servare potui, perdere an possim rogas? " where the major premise " Qui servare, perdere possunt " is understood. This use of the word enthymeme differs from
Aristotle
 's
original
  application of it to a
syllogism
  based on probabilities or signs t< eiKOrrwv i1 arleiwv), i.e. on propositions which are generally valid (efK6ra) or on particular facts which may be held to justify a general principle or another particular fact (Anal. prior.
xxvii. 7o a zo).
See beside text-books on logic, Sir W. Hamilton's Discussions 1847);
Mansel
 's ed. of Aldrich, Appendix F; H W. B. Joseph, ntrod. to Logic, chap. xvi.


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