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Encyclopedia Britannica



EDFU

This article appears in Volume V08, Page 933 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ECG-EMS
EDFU , in Coptic Atbo, a town of Upper
Egypt
 , 484 M. S.S.E. of Cairo by rail, on the W. bank of the Nile, the railway station being on the opposite side of the river. Pop. (1907) 19,262. The inhabitants manufacture earthenware, which finds ready sale all through
Egypt
 . The ancient Atbo (Apoilinopolis Magna) was
capital
  of the second nome of Upper Egypt. The
great
  sandstone temple is practically complete (see ARCHITECTURE: Egypt). It was built on the site of an earlier structure entirely in the time of the Ptolemies. The central part of the building, begun by
Ptolemy
  III. Euergetes in 237 B.C., was finished by his successor in 212; the portico, court, pylons and surrounding
wall
  were added by
Ptolemy
  Euergetes II.,
Soter
 . II. and Alexander I.; but the decoration was not finished till 57 B.C. in the reign of Ptolemy XIII. Neos Dionysus. The god of Atbo was a form of Horns (Apollo) as the sun-god; his most characteristic representation is as the disk of the sun with outspread wings, so often seen over the doors of shrines, at the top of stelae, &c. In the temple, where he is often figured as a falcon-headed man, he is associated with Hathor of
Dendera
  and the child Harsemteus.
See Baedeker's Egypt ; Ed. Naville, Textes relatifs au mythe d'
Horus
  recueillis dans le temple d'Edfou. (F. LL. G.).


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