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Encyclopedia Britannica



ECLOGITE (from Gr. EKXoyi, a selection)

This article appears in Volume V08, Page 896 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ECG-EMS
ECLOGITE (from Gr. EKXoyi, a selection) , in petrology, a typical member of a small group of metamorphic rocks of
special
 
interest
  on account of the variety of minerals they contain and their microscopic structures and geological relationships. Typically they consist of
pale
  green or nearly colourless augite (omphacite), green hornblende and
pink
  garnet. Quartz also is usually present in these rocks,. but felspar is rare. The augite is mostly a variety of
diopside
  and is only occasionally idiomorphic. The garnet sometimes forms good dodecahedra, but may occur as rounded grains, and encloses quartz, rutile, kyanite, and other minerals very frequently. The hornblende is usually
pale
  green and feebly dichroic, but, in some eclogites which are allied to garnet-amphibolites, it is of dark brown colour. Among the commoner accessory minerals are kyanite (of blue or greyish-blue tints), rutile, biotite,
epidote
  and zoisite, sphene, iron oxides, and
B.C. 2000; obi. =23 55.5' A.D. 1700; obi. =23
1500 =23 52.3 1750 =23
1000 =23 48.9 1800 =23,
500 =23 .45.4 185o =23
0 =23 41.7 1900 =23
A.D. 500 =23 38.0 1950 =23
1000 =23 34.1 2000 =23
1500 =23 30.3 2050 =23
2000 =23 26.4 2100 =23
2500 =23 22.5
pyrites. The rutile is invariably in small brown prisms; the kyanite forms bladed crystals, with perfect cleavage; felspar, if present, belongs to basic varieties rich in lime. Other minerals which have been found in eclogites are bronzite, olivine and glaucophane. The last mentioned is a
bright
  blue variety of hornblende with striking pleochroism. The eclogites in their chemical composition show close affinities to gabbros; they often exhibit relationships in the field which 'show that they were primarily intrusive rocks of igneous origin, and occasionally con-tact alteration can be traced in the adjacent schists. Examples are known in Saxony, Bavaria, Carinthia, Austria, Norway. A few eclogites also occur in the north-west highlands of
Scotland
 . Glaucophane-eclogites have been met with in Italy and the Pennine Alps. Specimens of
rock
  allied to eclogite have been found in the diamantiferous peridotite breccias of
South
  Africa (the so-called " blue ground "), and this has given rise to the theory that these are the parent masses from which the Kimberley diamonds have come. (J. S. F.)


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