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Encyclopedia Britannica



ECKHEL, JOSEPH HILARIUS (1737-1798)

This article appears in Volume V08, Page 887 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: ECG-EMS
ECKHEL, JOSEPH HILARIUS (1737-1798) , Austrian numismatist, was born at Enzersfeld in lower Austria, 1737. His father was farm-steward to
Count
 
Zinzendorf
 , and he received his early education at the
Jesuits
 ' College, Vienna, where at the age of fourteen he was admitted into the order. He devoted himself to antiquities and
numismatics
 . After being engaged as professor of poetry and rhetoric, first at Steyer and afterwards at Vienna, he was appointed in 1772 keeper of the cabinet of coins at the
Jesuits
 ' College, and in the same year he went to Italy for the purpose of personal inspection and study of antiquities and coins. At Florence he was employed to arrange the collection of
the grand duke of Tuscany; and the first-fruits of his study of this and other collections appeared in his Numi veteres anecdoti, published in;1995. On the dissolution of the order of Jesuits in 1473, Eckhel was appointed by the empress Maria
Theresa
  professor of antiquities and
numismatics
  at the university of Vienna, and this post he held for twenty-four years. He was in the following year made keeper of the imperial cabinet of coins, and in 1779 appeared his Catalogus Vindobonensis numorum veterum. Eckhel's
great
 
work
  is the Doctrina numorum veterum, in 8 vols., the first of which was published in 1792, and the last in 1798. The author's
rich
  learning, comprehensive grasp of his subject, admirable order and precision of statement in this masterpiece drew from Heyne enthusiastic praise, and the acknowledgment that Eckhel, as the
Coryphaeus
  of numismatists, had, out of the mass of previously loose and confused facts, constituted a true science. A volume of Addenda, prepared by Steinbuchel from Eckhel's papers after his death, was. published in 1826. Among his other works areChoix:de pierres gravees du Cabinet Imperial des Antiques (1788), a useful school-book on coins entitled Kurzgefasste Anfangsgrunde zur
alien
  Numismatik (1787), of which a French version enlarged by Jacob appeared in 1825, &c. Eckhel died at Vienna on the 16th of May 1798.


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