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Encyclopedia Britannica



EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in

This article appears in Volume V08, Page 799 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: DRO-ECG
EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in the Lat. arare, obsolete Eng. " ear," and Gr. apouv, but this is now considered very doubtful; see G. Curtius,
Greek
 
Etymology
 , Eng. trans., i. 426; Max
Muller
 , Lectures, 8th ed. i. 294). From early times the word " earth " has been used in several connexionsfrom that of soil or ground to that of the
planet
  which we inhabit, but it is difficult to trace the exact historic sequence of the diverse usages. In the cosmogony of the Pythagoreans, Platonists and other philosophers, the
term
  or its equivalent denoted an
element
  or fundamental quality which conferred upon matter the
character
  of earthiness; and in the subsequent development of theories as to the ultimate composition of matter by the alchemists, iatrochemists, and early phlogistonists an
element
  of the same name was retained (see ELEMENT). In
modern
 
chemistry
 , the common
term
  " earth " is applied to certain oxides:the" alkaline earths " (q.v.) are the oxides of
calcium
  (lime), barium (baryta) and strontium (strontia); the " rare earths " (q.v.) are the oxides of a certain class of rare metals.


End of Article: EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in


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