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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: DRO-ECG |
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DRONE , in music 1 (corresponding to Fr. bourdon; Ger. Summer, Slimmer, Hummel; Ital. bordone), the bass
long as there is wind in the bag, thus forming a continuous pedal, or drone bass
joint or knot, thus leaving a flap or tongue which vibrates or beats, alternately opening and closing the aperture. The sound is produced by the stream of air forced from the bag by the pressure of the performer's arm causing the reed tongue to vibrate over the aperture, thus setting the whole column of air in vibration. Like all cylindrical pipes with reed mouthpiece, the drone pipe has the acoustic properties of the closed pipe and produces a note of the same pitch as that of an open pipe twice its length. The conical drones mentioned above2 For the " drone," the male of the honey bee, see BEE. The musical sense, both for the noise made and for the instrument , comes from the buzzing of the bee.2 British Museum, Add. MS. 12,228 (Italian work
work
3 Syntagma musicum. Theatrum instrumentorum, pl. xi. No. 6. would, therefore, speak an octave higher than a cylindrical drone of the same length. The drones are tuned by means of sliding tubes at the joints. The drones of the old French cornemuse played in concert with the hautbois de Poitou (see BAGPIPE), and differing from the shepherd's cornemuse or chalemie, formed an exception to this method of construction, being furnished with double
union pipes of Ireland are also constructed on an altogether different plan. Instead of having long cumbersome pipes, pointing over the shoulder , the musette drones consist of a short barrel containing lengths of tubing necessary for four or five drones, reduced to the most compact form and resembling the rackett (q.v.). The narrow bores are pierced longitudinally through the thickness of the barrel in parallel channels communicating with each other in twos or threes, and so arranged as to provide the requisite length for each drone. The reeds are double
union pipes the drones are separate
thread ; in this case the beating reed of the drone is set in vibration directly by the breath of the performer, who takes both mouthpieces into his mouth, without the medium of a wind reservoir. Mersenne gave very clear descriptions of the construction of cornemuse and musette, with clear illustrations. of the reeds and stock .l There are allusions in the Greek classics which point to the existence of a pipe with a drone, either of the arghool or the bagpipe type.2 (K. S.)End of Article: DRONE If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
<a href="http://jcsm.org/StudyCenter/Encyclopedia/DRO_ECG/DRONE.html"> DRONE </a> |
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