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Encyclopedia Britannica



DOWN

This article appears in Volume V08, Page 459 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: DIO-DRO
DOWN , a smooth rounded hill, or more particularly an expanse of high
rolling
  ground bare of trees. The word comes from the
Old
English
  dun, hill. This is usually taken to be a Celtic word. The Gaelic and Irish dun and Welsh din are specifically used of a hill-fortress, and thus frequently appear in place-names, e.g.
Dumbarton
 , Dunkeld, and in the Latinized terminationdunum, e.g. Lugdunum, Lyons. The Old Dutch dung, which is the same word, was applied to the drifted sandhills which are a prevailing feature of the
south
 -eastern
coast
  of the North Sea (Denmark and the Low Countries), and the derivatives, Ger. Dune, modern Dutch duin, Fr. dune, have this particular meaning. The
English
  " dune " is directly taken from the French. The low sandy tracts north and
south
  of Yarmouth, Norfolk, are known as the " Dunes," which may be a corruption of the Dutch or French words. From " down," hill, comes the adverb " down," from above, in the earlier form " adown," i.e. off the hill. The word for the soft under plumage of birds is entirely different, and comes from the Old
Norwegian
  dun, cf.
cedar
 -dun, eider-down. For the
system
  of
chalk
  hills in England known as " The
Downs
  " see
Downs
 .


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