DONKIN, SIR RUFANE SHAW (1773-1841)

This article appears in Volume V08, Page 417 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: DIO-DRO

DONKIN, SIR RUFANE SHAW (1773-1841) , British soldier, came of a military family. His father, who died, a full general, in 1821, served with almost all British commanders from Wolfe to Gage. Rufane Donkin was the eldest child, and received his first commission at the age of five in his father's regiment; he joined, at fourteen, with eight years' seniority as a lieutenant. Becoming a captain in 1793, he was on active service in the West Indies in 1794, and (as major) in 1796. At the age of twenty-five he became lieutenant-colonel, and in 1798 led a light battalion with distinction in the Ostend expedition. He served with Cathcart in Denmark in 1807, and two years later was given a brigade in the army in Portugal, which he led at Oporto and Talavera. He was soon transferred, as quartermaster-general, to the Mediterranean command, in which he served from 18x0 to 1813, taking part in the Catalonian expeditions. Sir John Murray's failure at

Tarragona

TARRAGONA
TARRAGONA (anc. Tarraco)

did not involve Donkin, whose advice was proved to be uniformly ignored by the British

commander

COMMANDER

. In July 1815 Major-General Donkin went out to India, and distinguished himself as a divisional

commander

COMMANDER

in Hastings' operations against the Mahrattas (18171818), receiving the K.C.B. as his reward. The death of his

young

wife seriously affected him, and he went to the Cape of Good

Hope

HOPE, ANTHONY
HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

on sick leave. From 1820 to 1821 he administered the colony with success, and named the rising seaport of Algoa Bay Port Elizabeth in memory of his wife. In 1821 he became lieutenant-general and G.C.H. The rest of his life was spent in literary and political

work

WORK

. He was one of the

original

ORIGINAL

fellows of the Royal Geographical Society, and was a member of the Royal Society and of many other learned bodies. His theories as to the course of the river Niger, published under the title Dissertation on the Course and Probable Termination of the Niger (London, 1829), involved him in a good deal of controversy. From 1832 onwards he sat in the

House

HOUSE
HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
Gothic
- GOTHIC
it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

of Commons, and in 1835 was made surveyor-general of the ordnance. He committed suicide at Southampton in 1841. He was then a general, and colonel of the 11th Foot.
See Jerdan, National Portraits, vol. iii. ;

Gentleman

GENTLEMAN (from Lat. gentilis, " belonging to a race or gens," and " man "; Fr. gentilhomme, Span. gentil hombre, Ital. gentil huomo, in its
original
- ORIGINAL
and strict signification, a term denoting a man of good family, the Lat. generosus (its invariable transl

's Magazine, xcii. i. 273.

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