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Encyclopedia Britannica



DONALDSON, JOHN WILLIAM (1811-1861)

This article appears in Volume V08, Page 406 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: DIO-DRO
DONALDSON, JOHN WILLIAM (1811-1861) , English philologist and biblical critic, was born in London on the 7th of June 1811. He was educated at University College, London. and Trinity College,
Cambridge
 , of which society he subsequently became fellow. In 1841 he was elected headmaster of King
Edward
 's school, Bury St Edmunds. In 1855 he resigned his post and returned to
Cambridge
 , where his time was divided between literary
work
  and private tuition. He died on the loth of February 1861. He is remembered as a
pioneer
  of philology in England, and as a
great
  scholar in his day, though mach of his
work
  is now obsolete. The New Cratylus (1839), the book on which his fame mainly rests, was an attempt to apply to the Greek language the principles of comparative philology. It was founded mainly on the comparative grammar of Bopp, but a large part of it was
original
 , Bopp's grammar not being completed till ten years after the first edition of the Cratylus. In the Varronianus (1844) the same method was applied to Latin, Umbrian and Oscan. His Jashar (1854), written in Latin as an appeal to the learned world, and especially to German theologians, was an attempt to reconstitute the lost biblical book of Jashar from the remains of old songs and historical records, which, according to the author, are incorporated in the existing text of the Old Testament. His bold views on the nature of
inspiration
 , and his free handling of the sacred text, aroused the anger of the theologians. Of his numerous other works the most important are The Theatre of the Greeks; The History of the Literature of Ancient
Greece
  (a
translation
  and completion of C. O. Muller's unfinished work); editions of the Odes of
Pindar
  and the Antigone of Sophocles; a Hebrew, a Greek and a Latin Grammar.


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