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Encyclopedia Britannica



DOLICHOCEPHALIC (long-headed)

This article appears in Volume V08, Page 389 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: DIO-DRO
DOLICHOCEPHALIC (long-headed) , a
term
  invented by Andreas Retzius to denote (as opposed to "
brachycephalic
  ") those skulls the
diameter
  of which from side to side, or the transverse
diameter
 , is small in comparison with the longitudinal diameter or that from front to back. Retzius, though inventing the
term
 , did not define it precisely.
Paul
  Broca applied it to skulls having a cephalic index of seventy-five and under, and this limit is generally adopted. Dolichocephaly, according to Retzius, was the distinctive cranial feature of the earliest inhabitants of Europe. To-day it is characteristic of the negro races, of the
Papuans, the Polynesians and the Australians, though among the negritos and some of the pigmy races of Africa
brachycephalic
  skulls are the
rule
 . Of the yellow races the Eskimo is the most dolichocephalic. Of
white
  races the
Arabs
  and Kabyles of
Algeria
 , and the Guanchos of the
Canary
  Islands, are most notable for dolichocephalic tendency. Dolichocephaly is some-times frontal, as among adult whites, sometimes occipital or confined to the back of the head, as among inferior negro-races, Australians, Papuans and newly-born whites.


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