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Encyclopedia Britannica



DISTRICT

This article appears in Volume V08, Page 323 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: DIO-DRO
DISTRICT , a word denoting in its more general sense, a
tract
  or extent of a country, town, &c., marked off for administrative or other purposes, or having some
special
  and distinguishing characteristics. The medieval Latin districtus (from distringere, to distrain) is defined by Du Cange as Territorium feudi, seu
tract
  us, in quo
Dominus
  vassallos et tenentes suos distringere potest; and as justitiae exercendae in eo tractu facultas. It was also used of the territory over which the feudal lord exercised his
jurisdiction
  generally. It may be noted that distringere had a wider significance than " to distrain " in the English legal sense (see DISTRESS). It is defined by Du Cange as compellere ad aliquid faciendum per mulctam, poenam, vel capto pignore. In English usage, apart from its general application in such forms as postal district, registration district and the like, " district " has specific usages for ecclesiastical and local government purposes. It is thus applied to a division of a parish under the Church Building Acts, originally called a " perpetual curacy," and the church serving such a division is properly a " district chapel." Under the Local Government Act of 1894 counties are divided for the purposes of the act into urban and rural districts. In British India the word is used to represent the zillah, an administrative subdivision of a province or presidency. In the United States of America the word has many administrative, judicial and other applications. In
South
  Carolina it was used instead of " county " for the
chief
  division of the state other than in the
coast
  region. In the Virginias,
Tennessee
 , Georgia, Kentucky and
Maryland
  it answers to " township " or precinct, elsewhere the principal subdivision of a county. It is used for an electoral " division," each state being divided into Congressional and senatorial districts; and also for a political subdivision ranking between an unorganized and an arganized Territorye.g., th District of Columbia and
Alaska
 .


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