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Encyclopedia Britannica



DISCHARGING ARCH

This article appears in Volume V08, Page 311 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: DIO-DRO
DISCHARGING ARCH , in architecture, an arch built over a lintel or
architrave
  to take off the superincumbent
weight
 . The earliest example is found in the
Great
  Pyramid, over the lintels of the entrance passage to the tomb: it consisted of two stones only, resting one against the other. The same object was attained in the Lion Gate and the tomb of Agamemnon, both in Mycenae, and in other examples in
Greece
 , where the stones laid in
horizontal
  courses, one projecting over the other, left a triangular hollow space above the lintel of the
door
 , which was subsequently filled in by vertical sculptured stone panels. The Romans frequently employed the discharging arch, and inside the portico of the Pantheon the architraves have such
arches
  over them. In the Golden Gateway of the palace of Diocletian at Spalato the discharging
arches
 , semicircular in form, were adopted as architectural features and decorated with mouldings. The same is found in the synagogues in Palestine of the 2nd century; and later, in Byzantine architecture, these moulded archivolts above an
architrave
  constitute one of the characteristics of the style. In the early Christian churches in Rome, where a colonnade divided off the
nave
  and aisles, discharging arches are turned in the
frieze
  just above the architraves.


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