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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: DEM-DIO |
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DIEZ, FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN (17941876) , German philologist, was born at Giessen, in Hesse- Darmstadt
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The earliest French philologists, such as Perion and Henri Estienne, had sought to discover the origin of French in Greek and even in Hebrew. For more than a century Menage's Etymological Dictionary held the field without a rival. Considering the time at which it was written (1650), it was a meritorious work
great
critical editions of the works of the T oubadours, published in the first years of the 19th century, laid the foundations on which Diez afterwards built. The difference between Diez's method and that of his predecessors is well stated by him in the preface to his dictionary. In sum it is the difference between science and guess-work. The scientific method is to follow implicitly the discovered principles and rules of phonology, and not to swerve a foot's breadth from them unless plain, actual exceptions shall justify it; to follow the genius of the language, and by cross-questioning to elicit its secrets; to gauge each letter and estimate the value which attaches to it in each position; and lastly to possess the true philosophic spirit which is prepared to welcome any new fact, though it may modify or upset the most cherished theory. Such is the historical method which Diez pursues in his grammar and dictionary. To collect and arrange facts is, as he tells us, the sole secret of his success, and he adds in other words the famous apophthegm of Newton, " hypotheses non fingo." The introduction to the grammar consists of two parts :the first discusses the Latin, Greek and Teutonic elements common to the Romance languages; the second treats of the six dialects separately, their origin and the elements peculiar to each. The grammar itself is divided into four books, on phonology, on flexion, on the formation of words by composition and derivation, and on syntax.His dictionary is divided into two parts. The first contains words common to two at least of the three principal groups of Romance: Italian, Spanish and Portuguese, and Provencal and French. The Italian, as nearest the original
The second part treats of words peculiar to one group. There is no separate glossary of Wallachian. Of the introduction to the grammar there is an English translation by C. B. Cayley. The dictionary has been published in a remodelled form for English readers by T. C. Donkin. End of Article: DIEZ, FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN (17941876) If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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