DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, Erpov, measure)

This article appears in Volume V08, Page 158 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: DEM-DIO

DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, Erpov, measure) , in geometry, a line passing through the centre of a circle or conic

section

SECTION
SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

and terminated by the curve; the "

principal

PRINCIPAL

diameters" of the ellipse and hyperbola coincide with the "axes" and are at
right angles;" conjugate diameters " are such that each bisects chords parallel to the other. The

diameter

DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

of a

quadric

QUADRIC

surface is a line at the extremities of which the tangent planes are parallel. Newton defined the

diameter

DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

of a curve of any order as the locus of the centres of the mean distances of the points of intersection of a

system

SYSTEM

of parallel chords with the curve; this locus may be shown to be a straight line. The word is also used as a unit of linear measurement of the magnifying power of a lens or microscope.
In architecture, the

term

TERM

is used to express the measure of the

lower

LOWER

part

PART

of the

shaft

of a column. It is employed by Vitruvius (iii. 2) to determine the height of a column, which should vary from eight to ten diameters according to the intercolumniation: and it is generally the custom to fix the

lower

LOWER

diameter of the

shaft

by the height required and the Order employed. Thus the diameter of the Roman Doric should be about one-eighth of the height, that of the Ionic one-ninth, and of the 'Corinthian one-tenth (see ORDER).

End of Article: DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, Erpov, measure)

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