DESSAU

This article appears in Volume V08, Page 104 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: DEM-DIO

DESSAU , a town of Germany,

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

of the duchy of Anhalt, on the left bank of the Mulde, 2 M. from its confluence with the
Elbe, 67 m. S.W. from Berlin and at the junction of lines to CSthen and Zerbst. Pop. (1905) 55,134. Apart from the old quarter lying on the Mulde, the town is well built, is surrounded by pleasant gardens and contains many handsome streets and spacious squares. Among the latter is the Grosse Markt with a statue of Prince

Leopold

LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

I. of Anhalt-Dessau, " the old Dessauer." Of the six churches, the Schlosskirche, adorned with paintings by Lucas Cranach, in one of which (" The Last Supper ") are portraits of several reformers, is the most interesting. The ducal palace,

standing

STANDING

in extensive grounds, contains a collection of historical curiosities and a gallery of pictures, which includes works by Cimabue, Lippi,Rubens,Titian and Van Dyck. Among other buildings are the town

hall

(built 1899-1900), the palace of the hereditary prince, the theatre, the administration offices, the law courts, the Amalienstift, with a picture gallery, several high-grade schools, a library of 30,000 volumes and an excellently appointed

hospital

. There are monuments to the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn (born here in 1729), to the poet Wilhelm Muller, father of Professor Max Muller, also a native of the place, to the emperor William I., and an obelisk commemorating the war of 1870-71. The industries of Dessau include the production of sugar, which is the

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

manufacture, woollen, linen and

cotton

goods, carpets, hats, leather, tobacco and musical instruments. There is also a considerable trade in corn and garden produce. In the environs are the ducal villas of Georgium and Luisium, the gardens of which, as well as those of the neighbouring town of Worlitz, are much admired.
Dessau was probably founded by Albert the

Bear

; it had attained civic rights as early as 1213. It first began to grow into importance at the close of the 17th century, in consequence of the religious emancipation of the Jews in 1686, and of the Lutherans in 1697.
See Wurdig, Chronik der Stadt Dessau (Dessau, 1876).

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