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Encyclopedia Britannica



DEMIURGE (Gr. S'quovpyos, from Si7eos, of or for the people, and Epyov, work)

This article appears in Volume V08, Page 1 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: DEM-DIO
DEMIURGE (Gr. S'quovpyos, from Si7eos, of or for the people, and Epyov, work) , a handicraftsman or artisan. In
Homer
  the word has a wide application, including not only hand-workers but even heralds and physicians. In Attica the demiurgi formed one of the three classes (with the Eupatridae and the geomori, georgi or agroeci) into which the early
population
  was divided (cf. Arist. Ath. Pol. xiii. 2). They represented either a class of the whole
population
 , or, according to Busolt, a commercial
nobility
  (see EUPATRIDAE). In the sense of " worker for the people " the word was used throughout the Peloponnese, with the exception of
Sparta
 , and in many parts of
Greece
 , for a higher
magistrate
 . The demiurgi among other officials represent Elis and Mantineia at the treaty of peace between Athens, Argos, Elis and Mantineia in 420 B.C. (Thuc. v. 47). In the Achaean League (q.v.) the name is given to ten elective
officers
  who presided over the assembly, and Corinth sent " Epidemiurgi " every year to Potidaea, officials who apparently answered to the Spartan harmosts. In Plato 8buovpy6s is the name given to the " creator of the world " (Timaeus, 40) and the word was so adopted by the Gnostics (see
GNOSTICISM
 ).


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