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Encyclopedia Britannica



DEMANTOID

This article appears in Volume V07, Page 979 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: DAH-DEM
DEMANTOID , the name given by Nils Gustaf Nordenskiold to a green
garnet
 , found in the Urals and used as a gem stone. As it possesses high refractive and dispersive power, it presents when properly cut
great
  brilliancy and " fire," and the name has reference to its diamond-like
appearance
 . It is sometimes known as " Uralian
emerald
 ," a rather unfortunate name inasmuch as true
emerald
  is found in the Urals, whilst it not infrequently passes in
trade
  as olivine. Demantoid is regarded as a lime-iron
garnet
 , coloured probably by a small proportion of chromium. The colour varies in different specimens from a vivid green to a dull yellowish-green, or even to a brown. The specific gravity of an emerald-green demantoid was found to be 3'849, and that of a greenish-yellow specimen 3.854 (A. H.
Church
 ). The hardness is only 6.5, or lower even than that of quartza character rather adverse to the use of demantoid as a gem. This
mineral
  was originally discovered as pebbles in the gold-washings at Nizhne Tagilsk in the Ural Mountains, and was afterwards found in the stream called Bobrovka, in the Sysertsk
district
  on the western slope of the Urals. It occurs not only as pebbles but in the form of granular nodules in a serpentine
rock
 , and occasionally, though very rarely, shows traces of crystal faces. (F. W. R.*)


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