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Encyclopedia Britannica



DELESSE, ACHILLE ERNEST OSCAR JOSEPH (1817-1881)

This article appears in Volume V07, Page 953 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: DAH-DEM
DELESSE, ACHILLE ERNEST OSCAR JOSEPH (1817-1881) , French geologist and mineralogist, was born at Metz on the 3rd of February 1817. At the age of twenty he entered the Ecole Polytechnique, and subsequently passed through the Ecole des Mines. In 1845 he was appointed to the chair of
mineralogy
  and geology at Besancon; in 1850 to the chair of geology at the Sorbonne in Paris; and in 1864 professor of
agriculture
  at the Ecole des Mines. In 1878 he became inspector-general of mines. In early years as ingenieur des mines he investigated and described various new minerals;, he proceeded afterwards to the study of rocks, devising new methods for their determination, and giving particular descriptions of melaphyre, arkose,
porphyry
 ,
syenite
 , &c. The igneous rocks of the Vosges, and those of the Alps, Corsica, &c., and the subject of metamorphism occupied his attention. He also prepared in 1858
geological
  and hydrological maps of Pariswith reference to the underground water, similar maps of the departments of the Seine and Seine-et-Marne, and an agronomic map of the Seine-et-Marne (188o), in which he showed the relation which exists between the
physical
  and chemical characters of the soil and the
geological
  structure. His annual Revue des progres de geologie, undertaken with the assistance (186o1865) of Auguste Laugel and afterwards (18651878) of Albert de Lapparent, was carried on from 186o to 1880. His observations on the lithology of the deposits accumulated beneath the sea were of
special
 
interest
  and importance. His
separate
  publications were: Recherches sur l'origine des roches (Paris, 1865); Etude sur le metamorphisme des roches (1869); Lithologie des mers de France et des mers principales du globe (a vols. and atlas, 1871). He died at Paris on the 24th of
March
  1881.


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