DARDANELLES (Turk. Sultanieh Kalehsi, or Chanak Kalehsi)

This article appears in Volume V07, Page 829 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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DARDANELLES (Turk. Sultanieh Kalehsi, or Chanak Kalehsi) , the

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

town and seat of government of the lesser Turkish province of Bigha, Asia

Minor

. It is situated at the mouth of the Rhodius, and at the narrowest part of the strait of the Dardanelles, where its span is but a mile across. Its

recent

RECENT

growth has been rapid, and it possesses a lyceum, a military

hospital

, a public garden, a theatre, quays and water-works. Exclusive of the garrison, the population is estimated at 13,000, of whom one-half are Turkish, and the remainder Greek, Jewish, Armenian and European. The town contains many mosques, Greek, Armenian and Catholic churches, and a

synagogue

SYNAGOGUE (avvaywyii)
SYNAGOGUE, UNITED

. There is a

resident

RESIDENT

Greek bishop. The civil

governor

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

, and the military command-ants of the numerous fortresses on each side of the strait, are stationed here. Many important works have been added to the defences. The Ottoman

fleet

FLEET

is stationed at Nagara (anc. Abydos). The average annual number of merchant vessels passing the strait is 12,000 and the regular commercial vessels calling at the port of Dardanelles are represented by numerous foreign agencies. Besides the Turkish telegraph service, the Eastern Telegraph Company has a station at Dardanelles, andthere are Turkish, Austrian, French and Russian post offices. The import trade consists of manufactures, sugar, flour, coffee, rice, leather and iron. The export trade consists of valonia (largely produced in the province), wheat, barley, beans, chick-peas,

canary

CANARY
CANARY (Serinus canarius)

seed, liquorice root, pine and oak timber, wine and pottery. Excepting in the items of wine and pottery, the export trade shows steady increase. Every year sees a larger area of land brought under cultivation by immigrants, and adds to the number of mature (i.e. fruit-bearing) valonia trees. Vine-growers are discouraged by heavy fiscal charges, and by the low price of wine; many have uprooted their vineyards. The pottery trade is affected by

change

CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. 冠 urmu', to bend)

of fashion, and the factories are losing their importance. The lower quarters of the town were heavily damaged in the winter of 190o--19or by repeated inundations caused by the overflow of the Rhodius.
See V. Cuinet, Turquie d'Asie (Paris, 1890-1900).

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