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Encyclopedia Britannica



CROSS RIVER

This article appears in Volume V07, Page 510 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CRE-DAH
CROSS RIVER , a river of West Africa, over 500 M.
long
 . It rises in 6 N., 10 30' E. in the mountains of Cameroon, and flows at first N.W. In 8 48' E., 5 50' N. are a
series
  of rapids; below this point the river is navigable for shallow-
draught
  boats. At 8 20' E., 6 10' N., its most northern point, the river turns S.W. and then S., entering the Gulf of
Guinea
  through the Calabar estuary. The Calabar river, which rises about 5 30' N., 8 30' E., has a course parallel to, and 10 to 20 M.
east
  of, the
Cross
  river. Near its mouth, on its
east
  bank, is the town of Calabar (q.v.). It enters the estuary in 40 45' N. The
Cross
 , Calabar, Kwa and other streams farther east, which rise on the flanks of the Cameroon Mountains, form a large
delta
 . The Calabar and Kwa rivers are wholly within the British protectorate of Southern Nigeria, as is the Cross river from its mouth to the rapids mentioned. The upper course of the river is in German territory.
CROSS-ROADS, BURIAL AT, in former times the method of disposing of executed criminals and suicides. At the cross-roads a rude cross usually stood, and this gave rise to the belief that these spots were selected as the next best burying-places to consecrated ground. The real explanation is that the ancient Teutonic peoples often built their altars at the cross-roads, and as human sacrifices, especially of criminals, formed
part
  of the
ritual
 , these spots came to be regarded as execution grounds. Hence after the introduction of Christianity, criminals and suicides were buried at the cross-roads during the night, in order to assimilate as far as possible their funeral to that of the pagans. An example of a cross-road execution-ground was the famous Tyburn in London, which stood on the spot where the
Oxford
 , Edgware and London roads met.


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