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Encyclopedia Britannica



CRONJE, PIET ARNOLDUS (c. 1840 )

This article appears in Volume V07, Page 501 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CRE-DAH
CRONJE, PIET ARNOLDUS (c. 1840 ) , Boer general, was born about 184o in the Transvaal and in 1881 took
part
  in the first Boer War in the rank of commandant. He commanded in the siege of the British
garrison
  at
Potchefstroom
 , though he was unable to force their surrender until after the conclusion of the general armistice. The Boer
leader
  was at this time accused of withholding knowledge of this armistice from the
garrison
  (see
POTCHEFSTROOM
 ). He held various official positions in the years 18811899, and commanded the Boer force which compelled the surrender of the Jameson raiders at Doornkop (Jan. 2, 1896). In the war of 1899
Cronje
  was general commanding in the western theatre of war, and began the siege of Kimberley. He opposed the advance of the British division under Lord Methuen, and fought, though without success, three general actions at Belmont, Graspan and Modder River. At Magersfontein, early in December 1899, he completely repulsed a genera] attack made upon his position, and thereby checked for two months the northward advance of the British column. In the campaign of
February
  1900,
Cronje
  opposed Lord Roberts's army on the Magersfontein battleground, but he was unable to prevent the
relief
  of Kimberley; retreating westward, he was surrounded near Paardeberg, and, after a most obstinate resistance, was forced to surrender with the remnant of his army (Feb. 27, 1900). As a prisoner of war Cronje was sent to St
Helena
 , where he remained until released after the conclusion of peace (see TRANSVAAL:
History
 ),


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