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Encyclopedia Britannica



CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)

This article appears in Volume V07, Page 487 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CRE-DAH
CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674) , fourth son of Oliver Cromwell, was born at Huntingdon on the loth of January 1628, and served under his father during the latter part of the Civil War. His active life, however, was mainly spent in Ireland, whither he took some troops to assist Oliver early in 165o, and he was one of the Irish representatives in the Little, or Nominated,
Parliament
  of 1653. In 1654 he was again in Ireland, and after making certain recommendations to his father, now lord protector, with regard to the government of that country, he became major-general of the forces in Ireland and a member of the Irish council of state, taking up his new duties in July 1655 Nominally
Henry
  was subordinate to the lord-deputy, Charles Fleetwood, but Fleetwood's departure for England in September 1655 left him for all
practical
  purposes the ruler of Ireland. He moderated the lord-deputy's policy of deporting the Irish, and unlike him he paid some attention to the interests of the English settlers; moreover, again unlike Fleetwood, he appears to have held the scales evenly between the different
Protestant
  sects, and his undoubted popularity in Ireland is attested by Clarendon. In November 1657
Henry
  himself was made lord-deputy; but before this time he had refused a
gift
  of property worth 1500 a year, basing his refusal on the grounds of the poverty of the country, a poverty which was not the least of his troubles. In 1657 he advised his father not to accept the office of king, although in 1654 he had supported a motion to this effect;
8 See Hugo Goldschmidt, " Das Orchester der italienischen Oper im 17. Jahrh." Sammelband der Intern. Musikgesellschaft, Jahrg. ii., Heft 1 (
Leipzig
 , 1900), p. 24.
and after the dissolution of Cromwell's second
parliament
  in February 1658 he showed his anxiety that the protector should act in a moderate and constitutional manner. After Oliver's death Henry hailed with delight the succession of his brother Richard to the office of protector, but although he was now appointed lieutenant and
governor
  general of Ireland, it was only with
great
  reluctance that he remained in that country. Having rejected proposals to assist in the restoration of Charles II., Henry was recalled to England in June 1659 just after his brother's fall; quietly obeying this order he resigned his office at once. Although he lost some property at the Restoration, he was allowed after some solicitation to keep the estate he had bought in Ireland. His concluding years were passed at Spinney Abbey in Cambridgeshire; he was unmolested by the government, and he died on the 23rd of March 1674. In 1653 Henry married Elizabeth (d. 1687), daughter of Sir Francis Russell, and he left five sons and two daughters.


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