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Encyclopedia Britannica



CROCOITE

This article appears in Volume V07, Page 479 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CRE-DAH
CROCOITE , a
mineral
  consisting of lead chromate, PbCrO4, and crystallizing in the monoclinic
system
 . It is sometimes used as a paint, being identical in composition with the artificial product chrome-yellow; it is the only chromate of any importance found in nature. It was discovered at
Berezovsk
  near Ekaterinburg in the Urals in 1766; and named crocoise by F. S. Beudant in 1832, from the Greek Kp6KOr, saffron, in allusion to its colour, a name first altered to crocoisite and afterwards to crocoite. It is found as well-developed crystals of a
bright
  hyacinth-red colour, which are translucent and have an adamantine to vitreous lustre. On exposure to light much of the translucency and brilliancy is lost. The streak is orange-yellow; hardness 4-3; specific gravity 6o. In the Urals the crystals are found in
quartz
 -veins traversing granite or gneiss: other localities which have yielded good crystallized specimens are Congonhas do Campo near Ouro Preto in Brazil, Luzon in the Philippines, and Umtali in Mashonaland. Gold is often found associated with this
mineral
 . Crystals far surpassing in beauty any previously known have been found in the Adelaide Mine at
Dundas, Tasmania; they are
long
  slender prisms, 3 or 4 in. in length, with a brilliant lustre and colour.
Associated with crocoite at
Berezovsk
  are the closely allied minerals phoenicochroite and vauquelinite. The former is a basic lead chromate, Pb3Cr2O9, and the latter a lead and copper phosphate-chromate, 2(Pb,Cu)CrO4. (Pb,Cu)3(PO4)2. Vauquelinite forms brown or green monoclinic crystals, and was named after L. N.
Vauquelin
 , who in 1797 discovered (simultaneously with and independently of M. H.
Klaproth
 ) the
element
  chromium in crocoite. (L. J. S.)


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