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Encyclopedia Britannica



CRITIAS

This article appears in Volume V07, Page 468 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: CRE-DAH
CRITIAS , Athenian orator and poet, and one of the Thirty Tyrants. In his youth he was a
pupil
  of
Gorgias
  and Socrates, but subsequently devoted himself to political intrigues. In 415 B.C. he was implicated in the
mutilation
  of the
Hermae
  and imprisoned. In 411 he helped to put down the Four Hundred, and was instrumental in procuring the recall of Alcibiades. He was banished (probably in the democratic reaction of 407) and fled to Thessaly, where he stirred up the Penestae (the helots of Thessaly) against their masters, and endeavoured to establish a
democracy
 . Returning to Athens he was made
ephor
  by the oligarchical party; and he was the most cruel and unscrupulous of the Thirty Tyrants who in 404 were appointed by the Lacedaemonians. He was slain in
battle
  against Thrasybulus and the returning democrats. Critias was a man of varied talentspoet, orator, historian and philosopher. Some fragments of his elegies will be found in Bergk, Poetae Lyrici Graeci. He was also the author of several tragedies and of
biographies
  of distinguished poets (possibly in verse).
See
Xenophon
 , Hellenica, ii. 3. 4. 19, Memorabilia, i. 2;
Cornelius
  Nepos, Thrasybulus, 2; R. Lallier, De Criliae tyranni vita ac scriptis (1875) ; Nestle, Neue Jahrb. f. d. kl. Altert. (1903).


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