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Encyclopedia Britannica



CRAWFURD, JOHN (1783-1868)

This article appears in Volume V07, Page 387 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: COR-CRE
CRAWFURD, JOHN (1783-1868) , Scottish orientalist, was born in the
island
  of Islay,
Scotland
 , on the 13th of August 1783. After studying at Edinburgh he became surgeon in the
East
  India Company's service. He afterwards resided for some time at
Penang
 , and during the British occupation of Java from 1811 to 1817 his local knowledge made him invaluable to the government. In 1821 he served as
envoy
  to Siam and Cochin-China, and in 1823 became
governor
  of Singapore. His last political service inthe
East
  was a difficult mission to Burma in 1827. In 1861 he was elected president of the Ethnological Society. He died at
South
  Kensington on the rrth of May 1868.
Crawfurd
  wrote a History of the Indian Archipelago (182o), Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries (1856), Journal of an Embassy to the Court of Ava in 1827 (1829), Journal of an Embassy to the Courts of Siam and Cochin-China, exhibiting a view of the actual State of these Kingdoms (183o), Inquiry into the
System
  of Taxation in India, Letters on the Interior of India, an attack on the newspaper stamp-tax and the duty on
paper
  entitled Taxes on Knowledge (1836), and a valuable Malay grammar and dictionary (1852).


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