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Encyclopedia Britannica



CRAIOVA, or KRAJOVA

This article appears in Volume V07, Page 362 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: COR-CRE
CRAIOVA, or KRAJOVA , the
capital
  of the department of Doljiu, Rumania, situated near the left bank of the river Jiu, and on the main Walachian railway from Verciorova to
Bucharest
 . Pop. (1900) 45,438. A branch railway to Calafat facilitates the export
trade
  with Bulgaria.
Craiova
  is the
chief
  commercial town west of
Bucharest
 ; the surrounding uplands are very rich in
grain
 , pasturage and vegetable products, and contain extensive forests. The town has rope and carriage factories, and close by is a large tannery, worked by convict labour, and supplying the army. The principal
trade
  is in cattle, cereals, fish, linen, pottery, glue and leather. In the town, which is the head-quarters of the First Army Corps, there are military and commercial academies, an appeal court and a chamber of commerce, besides many churches, Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and
Protestant
 , with synagogues for the
Jews
 .
Craiova
 , which occupied the site of the Roman Castra Nova, was formerly the
capital
  of Little Walachia. Its ancient bans or military governors were, next to the princes, the
chief
  dignitaries of Walachia, and the
district
  is still styled the banat of Craiova. Among the holders of this office were Michael the Brave (15931601), and several members of the celebrated Bassarab family (q.v.). The bans had the right of coining money stamped with their own effigies, and hence arose the name of bani (centimes). The Rumanian franc, or leu (" lion "), so called from the image'it bore, came likewise from Craiova. In 1397 Craiova was the scene of a victory won by Prince Mircea over Bayezid I. sultan of the Turks; and in October 1853, of an engagement between Turks and Russians.


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