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Encyclopedia Britannica



COWES

This article appears in Volume V07, Page 347 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: COR-CRE
COWES , a seaport and watering-place in the Isle of Wight, England, 12 M. S.S.E. of Southampton. West Cowes is separated from
East
  Cowes by the picturesque estuary of the river Medina, the. two towns (each of which is an urban
district
 ) lying on opposite sides of its mouth at the apex of the northern coast of the island. Pop. (19o1) West Cowes, 8652;
East
  Cowes, 3196. The port between them is the
chief
  on the island, and is the headquarters of the Royal Yacht
Squadron
  (founded in 1812) ; it is in regular steamship communication with Southampton and Portsmouth. West Cowes is served by the Isle of Wight Central railway. A steam ferry and a floating bridge across the Medina, here boo yds. broad, unite the towns. Behind the harbour the houses rise picturesquely on gentle wooded slopes, and numerous villas adorn the vicinity. The towns owe their origin to two forts or castles, built on each side of the mouth of the Medina by Henry VIII. in 1540, for the defence of the coast; the eastern one has disappeared, but the west castle remains and is used as the club-
house
  of the Yacht
Squadron
 . The marine parade of West Cowes, and the public
promenade
  called the Green, are close to the castle. The industrial population is chiefly employed in the shipbuilding yards, in the manufacture of ships' fittings. and in engineering works. The harbour is under an elective
body
  of commissioners. On the opposite side of the Medina a broad carriageway leads to East Cowes Castle, a handsome edifice built by John
Nash
 , the favourite architect of George IV., in 1798, and immediately beyond it are the grounds surrounding
Osborne
House
  (see OSBORNE), built in 1845 after the property had been purchased by Queen Victoria, the church of St Mildred, Whippingham, lying a mile to the south.


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