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Encyclopedia Britannica



CORPORAL

This article appears in Volume V07, Page 189 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: COR-CRE
CORPORAL . 1. (From Lat. corporalis, belonging to the corpus or
body
 ), an adjective appearing in several expressions, such as " corporal
punishment
  " (see below), or in " corporal works of mercy," for those acts confined to the succouring of the bodily needs, such as feeding the hungry, visiting the sick, rescuing captives. A " corporal oath " was sworn with the
body
  in contact with a sacred object (see OATH).
2. (From Lat. corporalis, sc. palla, or corporale, sc.
gallium
 ), in the Roman Catholic Church, a small square linen cloth, which at the service of the Mass is placed on the altar under the
chalice
  and paten. It was originally large enough to cover the whole surface of the altar, and was folded over so as to cover the chalicea custom still observed by the Carthusians. The
chalice
  is now, however, covered by another small square of linen, stiffened withcardboard, &c., known as the
pall
  (palla). When not in use both corporal and
pall
  are carried in a square silken pocket called the burse. The corporal must be blessed by the
bishop
 , or by a priest with
special
  faculties, the ritual prayers invoking the divine blessing that the linen may be worthy to cover and enwrap the body and blood of the Lord. It represents the winding-sheet in which Joseph of Arimathea wrapped the body of the dead Christ.
3. (Of uncertain derivation; the French form caporal, and Ital. caporale, point to an origin from capo, Italian for head; the New English Dictionary, however, favours the derivation from Lat. corpus, Ital. corpo, body), a non-commissioned officer of infantry, cavalry and artillery, ranking below a sergeant. This rank is almost universal in armies. In the 16th and 17th centuries there were corporals but no sergeants in the cavalry, and this custom is preserved in the three regiments of British household cavalry, the rank of sergeant being replaced by that of " corporal of horse," and that of sergeant-major by " corporal-major." In the 16th and early 17th centuries the title " corporal of the field " was often given to a superior officer who acted as a staff-officer to the sergeant-major-general. In the navy the " ship's corporal," formerly a semi-military instructor to the
crew
 , is now a
petty
  officer charged with assisting the master-at-arms in police duties on board ship.


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