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Encyclopedia Britannica



CORNARO, CATERINA (1454-1510)

This article appears in Volume V07, Page 163 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: COR-CRE
CORNARO, CATERINA (1454-1510) , queen of Cyprus, was the daughter of Marco Cornaro, a Venetian noble, whose brother
Andrea
  was an intimate friend of James de Lusignan, natural son of King John II. of Cyprus. In the king's death in 1458 the succession was disputed, and James , with the help of the sultan of Egypt, seized the
island
 . But several powers were arrayed against himthe duke of Savoy, who claimed the
island
  on the strength of the
marriage
  of his son Louis to Charlotte, the only legitimate daughter of John II.,2 the Genoese, and the
pope
 . It was important that he should make a
marriage
  such as would secure him powerful support.
Andrea
  Cornaro suggested his niece Caterina, famed for her beauty, as that union would bring him Venetian help. The proposal was agreed to, and approved of by Caterina herself and the senate, and the
contract
  was signed in 1468. But further intrigues caused delay, and it was not until 1471 that James's hesitations were overcome. Caterina was solemnly adopted by the doge as a " daughter of the Republic " and sailed for Cyprus in 1472 with the title of queen of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia. But she only enjoyed one year of happiness, for in 1473 her husband died of fever, . leaving his kingdom to his queen and their child as yet. unborn. Enemies and rival claimants arose on all sides, for Cyprus was a tempting bait. In August the child James III. was born, but as soon as the Venetian
fleet
  sailed away a plot to depose him in favour of Zarla, James's illegitimate daughter, broke out, and Caterina was kept a prisoner. 'The Venetians returned, and order was soon restored, but the republic was meditating the seizure of Cyprus, although it had no valid title . whatever,, and after the death of Caterina's child in 1474 it was Venice which really governed the island. The poor queen was surrounded by intrigues and plots, and although the people of the
coast
  towns loved her, the Cypriot nobles were her bitter enemies and hostile to Venetian influence. In 1488 the republic, fearing that Sultan Bayezid II. intended to attack Cyprus, and having also discovered a plot to marry Caterina to King Alphonsa II. of Naples, a proposal to which she seemed not averse, decided to recall the queen to Venice and formally annex the island. Caterina at first refused, for she clung to her royalty, but Venice was a severe parent to its adopted daughter and would not be gainsaid; she was forced to abdicate in favour of the republic, and returned to Venice in 1489. The government conferred on
2 Whence the kings of Italy derive their title of kings of Cyprus and Jerusalem.
her the castle and town of Asolo for life, and there in the midst of a learned and brilliant little court, of which Cardinal
Bembo
  (q.v.) was a shining light, she spent the rest of her days in idyllic peace. She died in July 1510. Titian's famous portrait of her is in the Uffizi gallery in Florence.


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