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Encyclopedia Britannica



CORDOVA (Span. C6rdoba)

This article appears in Volume V07, Page 142 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: COM-COR
CORDOVA (Span. C6rdoba) , an inland province of southern Spain, bounded on the N.E. by Ciudad Real, E. by Jaen, S.E. by Granada, S. by Malaga, S.W. and W. by Seville, and N.W. by Badajoz. Pop. (1900) 455,859; area, 5299 sq. m. The river Guadalquivir divides the province into two very dissimilar portions. On the right bank is the mountainous region of the Sierra Morena, less peopled and fertile than the left bank, with its
great
  plains (La Campina) and slightly undulating country towards the
south
  and
south
 -
east
 , where the surface again becomes mountainous with the outlying ridges of the Sierra Nevada. The Guadalquivir, flowing from E.N.E. to W.S.W., waters the richest districts of
Cordova
 , and has many tributaries, notably the Bembezar, Guadiato and Guadamellato, on the right, and the Genii and Guadajoz on the left. The northern districts (Los Pedroches) are drained by several small tributaries of the Guadiana. The climate is much varied. Snow is to be found
for months on the highest peaks of the mountains; mild temperature in the plains, except in the few torrid summer months, when rain seldom falls. The peasantry are chiefly occupied in various branches of husbandry; sheep-farming and the culture of the olive employ large numbers. The agricultural wealth of
Cordova
  is, however, not fully exploited, owing to the conservatism and backward education of the peasantry. There are no
great
  manufacturing towns, but mining is an industry of some importance. In 1903 coal was obtained in considerable quantities in the Belmez
district
 ; argentiferous lead and zinc near Pozoblanco and elsewhere; iron ore at Luque, near Baena. A small amount of bismuth is also obtained. Mining is facilitated by a fairly complete and well-kept system of communication by road and railway. The main line Madrid-Linares-Seville follows the Guadalquivir valley throughout the province, passing through the
capital
 , Cordova. Here it meets the line from Almorchen, on the north, to Malaga, on the south, which has three important branchesBelmez-Fuente del Arco, Cordova-
Utrera
 , and Puente Genii-Jaen. After the
capital
 , the principal towns are Aguilar de la Frontera (13,236), Baena (14539), Cabra (13,127), Fuente Ovejuna (11,777), Lucena (21,179), Montilla (13,603),
Montoro
  (14,581), Pozoblanco (12,792), Priego de Cordoba (16,904) and Puente Genii (12,956). These are described under
separate
  headings. Other towns of less importance are Adamuz (6974), Belalcazar (7682), Belmez (8978), Bujalance (10,756), Castro del Rio (11,821), Hinojosa del Duque (10,673), Palma del Rio (7914), Rute (101740) and Villafranca de Cordoba (9771).


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