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Encyclopedia Britannica



COPTOS (Egyptian Keft, Kebto)

This article appears in Volume V07, Page 113 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: COM-COR
COPTOS (Egyptian Keft, Kebto) , the modern KurT (a
village
  with railway station a short distance from the west bank of the Nile about 25 M. north-
east
  of Thebes), an ancient city,
capital
  of the fifth nome of Upper
Egypt
 , and the starting-point of several roads to the Red Sea, of which that which passes along the valley running due
east
  to Kosseir past the ancient quarries of Hammamat was the most frequented, until the foundation of Berenice (q.v.) by
Ptolemy
  Philadelphus made an even more important line of
traffic
  to the
south
 -west. The growth of trade with Arabia
and India thereafter raised Coptos to
great
  commercial prosperity; but in A.D. 292 its share in the rebellion against Diocletian led to an almost total devastation. It again appears, however, as a place of importance, and as the seat of a consider-able Christian community, though the stream of
traffic
  turned aside to the neighbouring Kt-is. During part of the 7th century it was called Justinianopolis in honour of the emperor Justinian.
The local god of Coptos, as of Khemmis (Akhmim, q.v.), was the ithyphallic Min; but in
late
  times Isis was of equal importance in the city. Min was especially the god of the desert routes. Petrie's excavations on the site of the temple brought to light remains of all periods, the most remarkable objects being three very primitive limestone statues of the god with figures of an elephant, swords of sword-fish, sea-shells, &c., engraved upon them: there were also found some very peculiar terra-cottas of the Old Kingdom, and the decree of an Antef belonging to the latter part of the Middle Kingdom, deposing the monarch for siding with the king's enemy.


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