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Encyclopedia Britannica



CONTOUR

This article appears in Volume V07, Page 33 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: COM-COR
CONTOUR , CONTOUR-LINE (a French word meaning generally " outline," from the Med. Lat. contornare, to round off), in
physical
  geography a line
drawn
  upon a map through all the points upon the surface represented that are of equal height above sea-level. These points lie, therefore, upon a
horizontal
  plane at a given
elevation
  passing through the land shown on the map, and the contour-line is the intersection of that
horizontal
  plane with the surface of the ground. The contour-line of o, or datum level, is the coastal boundary of any land form. If the sea be imagined as rising Too ft., a new
coast
 -line, with bays and estuaries indented in the valleys, would appear at the new sea-level. If the sea sank once more to its former level, the Too-ft. contour-line with all its irregularities would be represented by the
beach
  mark made by the sea when zoo ft. higher. If instead of receding the sea rose continuously at the rate of zoo ft. per day, a
series
  of levels Too ft. above one another would be marked daily upon the land until at last the highest
mountain
  peaks appeared as islands less than zoo ft. high. A
record
  of this
series
  of advances marked upon a flat map of the
original
  country would give a series of concentric contour-lines narrowing towards the
mountain
 -tops, which they would at last completely surround. Contour-lines of this character are marked upon most modern maps of small areas and upon all government survey and military maps at varying intervals according to the scale of the map.


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