CONSTANTZA (Constanta)

This article appears in Volume V07, Page 11 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: COM-COR

CONSTANTZA (Constanta) , formerly known as Kustendji or Kustendj2, a seaport on the Black Sea, and

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

of the department of Constantza, Rumania; 140 M. E. by S. from Bucharest by rail. Pop. (1900) 12,725. When the Dobrudja was ceded to Rumania in 1878, Constantza was partly rebuilt. In its clean and broad streets there are many synagogues, mosques and churches, for half the inhabitants are Roman Catholics, Moslems, Armenians or Jews; the remainder being Orthodox Rumans and Greeks. In the vicinity there are

mineral

MINERAL

springs, and the sea-bathing also attracts many visitors in summer. The

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

local industries are tanning and the manufacture of petroleum drums. The opening, in 1895, of the railway to Bucharest, which crosses the Danube by a bridge at Cerna Voda, brought Constantza a considerable transit trade in grain and petroleum, which are largely exported; coal and coke head the

list

of imports, followed by machinery, iron goods, and

cotton

and woollen fabrics. The harbour, protected by breakwaters, with a light-house at the entrance, is well defended from the north winds, but those from the south, south-east, and south-west prove sometimes highly dangerous. In 1902 it afforded 10 alongside berths for shipping. It had a depth of 22 ft. in the old or inner basin, and of 26 ft. in the new or outer basin, beside the quays. The railway runs along the quays. A weekly service between Constantza and Constantinople is conducted by state-ownedsteamers, including the fast mail and passenger boats in connexion with the Ostend and Orient expresses. In 1902, 576 vessels entered at Constantza, with a net registered tonnage of 641,737. The Black Sea squadron of the Rumanian fleet is stationed here.
Constantza is the Constantiana which was founded in honour of Constantia, sister of Constantine the Great (A.D. 274337). It lies at the seaward end of the Great

Wall

WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the
original
- ORIGINAL
O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

of Trajan, and has evidently been surrounded by fortifications of its own. In spite of damage done by railway contractors (see Henry C. Barkley, Between the Danube and the Black Sea, 1876) there are considerable remains of ancient masonrywalls, pillars, &c. A number of

inscriptions

INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

found in the town and its vicinity show that close by was Tomi, where the Roman poet Ovid (43 B.C.A.D. 17) spent his last eight years in

exile

EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap,
consul
- CONSUL
- CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)
, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

. A statue of Ovid stands in the main square of Constantza.
In regard to the Constantza

inscriptions

INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

in general, see Allard, La Bulgaria orientale (Paris, 1866) ; Desjardins in Ann. dell' istit. di corr. arch. (1868) ; and a paper on Weickum's collection in Sitzungsbericht of the Munich Academy (1875).

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