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Encyclopedia Britannica



CONSTANTINE IX

This article appears in Volume V06, Page 992 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: COM-COR
CONSTANTINE IX . Monomachus, emperor 1042-1054, owed his
elevation
  to an old admirer, Zoe, the widow of Romanus III. Argyrus (10281034) and of Michael IV. the Paphlagonian (10341041), who, after the brief reign of Michael V. Calaphates (December 1041April 1042), was proclaimed empress with her
sister
 , Theodora. Quarrels broke out between the sisters, and, in order to secure her position, Zoe married
Constantine
 , with whom she shared the throne till her death in 1050. In his old age
Constantine
 , who had once been a famous warrior, utterly neglected the defences of the
empire
  and reduced his army by disbanding 50,000 of his best troops; on the other hand, he spent extravagant sums on luxuries and the erection of magnificent buildings. Rebellions broke out at
home
  and abroad; the Normans conquered Lombardy, which subsequently (1055) became the duchy of Apulia, and thus Italy was lost to the
empire
 ; the Petchenegs (Patzinaks) crossed the
Danube
  andattaeked Thrace and Macedonia; and the Seljuk Turks made their
appearance
  on the Armenian frontier.


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