COMMUNE (Med. Lat. communia, Lat. communis, common)

This article appears in Volume V06, Page 784 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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COMMUNE (Med. Lat. communia, Lat. communis, common) , in its most general sense, a group of persons acting together for purposes of self-government, especially in towns. (See

BOROUGH

, and COMMUNE, MEDIEVAL, below.) " Commune " (Fr. commune, Ital. comune, Ger. Gemeinde, &c.) is now the

term

TERM

generally applied to the smallest administrative division in many

European

EUROPEAN

countries. (See the sections dealing with the administration of these countries under their several headings.) " The Commune" is the name given to the period of the history of Paris from

March

MARCH
MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in
French
appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the
regular
- REGULAR
tread of a soldier: cf.
MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
MARCH, EARLS OF
MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

18 to May 28, 1871, during which the commune of Paris attempted to set up its authority against the National Assembly at

Versailles

VERSAILLES

. It was a political

movement

MOVEMENT

, intended to replace the centralized national organization by one based on a federation of communes. Hence the " communists " were also called " federalists." It had nothing to do with the social theories of Communism (q.v.). (See FRANCE: History.)

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